What is the relationship between fair skin and skin cancer?

Individuals with fair skin have less melanin, the pigment responsible for providing some protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This reduced melanin level means that people with fair skin are more susceptible to sunburn and other types of skin damage caused by UV radiation.

Over time, repeated exposure to UV radiation can lead to changes in the skin's cells, increasing the likelihood of developing skin cancers such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. The relationship between fair skin and skin cancer risk is well-documented, emphasizing the importance of sun protection measures for those with lighter skin tones.

In contrast, those with darker skin tones benefit from the presence of more melanin, which offers greater natural protection against the harmful effects of UV exposure. This biological difference helps clarify why fair-skinned individuals face a higher risk of skin cancer compared to those with darker pigmentation.