What does "upstream" spending focus on in health policy?

"Upstream" spending in health policy refers to proactive changes aimed at addressing the underlying determinants of health rather than just the immediate treatment of health issues. This approach focuses on social, economic, and environmental factors that may contribute to health disparities and poor health outcomes. By prioritizing preventive measures and interventions at the systemic level, upstream strategies seek to improve overall population health and reduce the need for reactive healthcare services later on. This can include initiatives like improving education, enhancing access to nutritious food, and implementing policies for healthier environments, ultimately leading to a more sustainable healthcare system and better health opportunities for individuals and communities.